How Many Isaiahs Were There & What Does It Matter, Prophetic Inspiration in Recent Evangelical Scholarship, Richard L. Schultz

   Did Isaiah the prophet write the book that bears his name? Were there two, three, or four "Isaiahs?" Did Isaiah the prophet even exist? Is the book of Isaiah simply a compilation of writings from other scribes? A troubling trend is afoot in Evangelical scholarship. As evangelicals gain acceptance in the academy there has with this acceptance comes the temptation to yield and to use, the higher- critical methods that have plagued liberalism from its inception. Respect can be a powerful draw that leads to a perversion of the historic and traditionally accepted doctrine of the inspiration of the Scriptures. And lest we minimize the danger, we must remember that to forsake the biblical doctrine of inspiration or to pervert it is to lose the Scriptures themselves. Schultz's concern is that "One of the primary threats today to a traditional understanding of biblical inspiration and inerrancy is the unrestricted employment of historical-critical tools by evangelical biblical scholars."
    How Many Isaiahs... is actually an excerpt from the larger book, Evangelicals & Scripture: Tradition, Authority, and Hermeneutics; a book that will henceforth be on the Sorry, I'm Booked "must-read" list. This is good for the reader. Making How Many Isaiahs...a stand-alone book makes it small enough for the average person. Since this is a subject that the typical Christian might shy away from reading, IVP Academic has performed a great service to the church by publishing it. The issues of this book, especially to the book of Isaiah, are of vital importance. "Contemporary evangelical approaches to the book of Isaiah illustrate vividly how historical-critical approaches to the book entail a changing doctrine of Scripture," Schultz writes. Church members mustn't ignore this book because, as the saying goes, what begins in the classroom ends on the street. Pastors go to seminaries to learn the Word and the skills of ministry and godliness but if what they learn is wrong then they will be as well. How can a local church pastor preach Isaiah with conviction when he is not confident that Isaiah is a trustworthy book or if his belief in the traditional understanding of inspiration and inerrancy has been shaken? Issues such as these are not simply scholastic past-times but have profound implications for the growth and vitality of the local churches. 

Post tenebras lux,
Scott 

Biblical Eldership, An Urgent Call to Restore Biblical Church Leadership, Alexander Strauch

   Is leadership in the church about popularity? Should churches simply find those individuals that have done well for themselves in the community? What makes for good and, more importantly, godly leadership? Do pastors have authority? Should they? What does this authority look like and who gave it to them? Churches should be asking these and like-minded questions. Unfortunately, many churches do not ask such questions until they are faced with a problem in the body or the failure of a shepherd. "Who can calculate the damage done during the past two thousand years to the churches of Jesus Christ because of inattentive, naive, and prayerless shepherds?", writes Strauch.
    Biblical Eldership by Alexander Strauch is already a classic on the subject. I'm tempted to skip it and not blog about this particular book because of its rapid and deserved rise to the must-read list on the topic of church order. On the other hand, one suspects that taking such worthy works for granted is how they often fall into disuse. Perhaps there are church members, elders, deacons, and pastors who are yet to benefit from this work. My concern specifically is for the younger ministers that are building their libraries and constructing their understanding of biblical church order.
    Solomon wrote that to the making of books there is no end. Speaking as one who blogs on the joy of books and reading, I'm perfectly happy with Solomon's observation. In the spirit of Solomon's great wisdom, it behooves us to be selective about our reading. Research what are the best works on a given subject and read them first then if there are time, money and energy to read more, do so. It is my observation that most people read. That is not the question. What makes the difference in us is that we are reading deep, Scriptural works that transform our minds and lives in conformity to God's Word. Such is Biblical Eldership. This is not a "church growth" book so if you are looking for the latest and greatest on how to grow your church to be the talk of the religious stratosphere then this is not the book for you. But if you want to build godly, servant-leaders that uphold the sound doctrine and spiritual vitality in your congregation then this book is most certainly in the must-read list.
    Biblical Eldership is written with balance and clarity. Strauch has made great effort to build upon solid and thorough exegesis of pertinent Scripture. Furthermore, he has researched broadly on the implementation of the Bible's teaching on elders, which is often a gap not bridged. In fact, I am comfortable saying that for Strauch these are one and the same. It is clear that he is working from a firm belief in the sufficiency of the Scriptures. Strauch expounds the Scriptures then explains how this is to be worked out in relation to other passages and in light of church history, as it relates to church order. It is worth mentioning, as well, that his style is warm and winsome. Strauch never comes across as if he were on the attack. He believes in and defends his position but in an engaging way so that even if you do not agree with the concept of elders in the church you will benefit from making this book a part of your research. Practically speaking, this would be an excellent "required reading" for all church leadership for teaching how to care for the Lord's flock. It is my prayer that all shepherds will take time to digest this book and implement its wise counsel. 

Post tenebras lux,
Scott

The Quest for the Historical Adam, Genesis, Hermeneutics, and Human Origins, William VanDoodewaard

The Quest for the Historical Adam, Genesis, Hermeneutics, and Human Origins, William VanDoodewaard

   Does the Bible teach a hardline creation ex nihilo? Must we believe that the world was created in six days? Did mankind exist before the creation of Adam? Does it matter if we believe that God created? Does a modified view of creation coincide with a biblical view of the gospel? What has the church believed and taught for two millennia? If these questions are meaningful to you, then you are asking the right questions. You need answers, biblical answers, that undergird the faith rather than undermine it. 

    Few know the history behind the debate about origins. Though it is surprising, not many pastors are familiar with it either. Charles Darwin didn't start the discussion nor will he have the final word. VanDoodewaard has given a gift to our day in, The Quest for the Historical Adam. Here is a thorough but never tedious expose of the church's struggle with the question of whether to take the Bible literally when it says that God created the heavens and the earth in six days or to find some other hermeneutic that will save face for us before the world. 

   Written with a clear mind and a patient heart The Quest for the Historical Adam interacts with the patristic fathers of the church, the medieval scholars, the reformers, the Enlightenment era, the nineteenth century and early twentieth-century greats as well as the current era. This may well be one of the most important books written in the last fifty years. Evangelicals must land biblically on this matter. It is an issue of utmost importance for the health of the church and her faithfulness to the gospel. Unless we stop being embarrassed over God's Word we will never have the Spirit's power to face the onslaught of neopaganism that surrounds us. Pastors must cherish the Word more than scholarly recognition. Faithfulness to the complete message of God's Word is not optional. 

    Regarding how we have arrived at the current hermeneutical (how to interpret the Bible) dilemma in the church VanDoodewaard writes with succinct accuracy, 

"The rise of enthusiasm over new natural philosophies, their growing sophistication, and the popular blurring of the philosophical constructs and the categories of hypothetical models with aspects of genuine growth in scientific knowledge, meant the revival of and increase in the pressures previously felt by Origen, Augustine, Eriugena, Aquinas, La Peyrere, Burnet, Whiston, Le Clerc, and others (p. 143)." 

In this statement, there is a congealed insight that characterizes VanDoodewaard's research and writing. He has obviously given himself to the task of reducing this mammoth topic and its history to a manageable size. The result is a book to which every Christian may resort for understanding and confirmation in God's Word. My word to you - get it; read it; buy it for your pastor and neighbor who takes such questions seriously. 

Post tenebras lux,
Scott

The Reason for God, Belief in an Age of Skepticism, Timothy Keller

Aren't all religions the same? Does God exist? Didn't religion cause most of the wars? How can a loving God send people to hell? Can the Bible be taken literally? These are but a sampling of the white-hot topics that Timothy Keller takes on in this book. 

    If you are serious about asking questions like these and even more serious about receiving cogent and passionate answers then you must get your hands on this book. Keller seeks to meet such people right where they are. He takes their objections and questions kindly and intentionally. His passion to show the merits of Christianity and to provide a caring defense is on open display. 

    The Reason for God is gracefully written. It is a coffee shop book meant for gathering around a table with a cup of stout java and compelling conversation with friends and acquaintances. Keller uses an easy-to-read style. The book was written to spark conversation so a conversational style only makes sense. This format makes it very useful for evangelism and discipleship. Those who have questions about Christ and Christianity may find intelligent answers. Those who are young in the faith who retain many of the world's misunderstandings may find compelling answers enabling them to break free from doubt to engage in the work of the gospel. 

    Are there any misgivings about the book? Unfortunately, yes. Though this is a useful book in many ways, I could not shake the general sense of uneasiness about some of the doctrine and philosophy. Keller's Introduction to the book is a concern. To me, the assessment of the situation in America is either too simplistic or reveals a shocking lack of awareness of the complexities of human government and the role Christians have in relation to it. Keller reduces everything to "Two Camps" and a "Divided Culture" using nothing short of caricatures. One is tempted to think that Keller is simply naive but when carefully read there is a clear message coming through. Keller seems to take a tactic that villainizes both Conservatives and Liberals and reduces the Conservative movement to mean "Republican" and the Liberal ideology to mean "Democrat." Keller seems to forget that millions of Conservatives, many of whom are Christians, are either not Republicans or are not happy with the Republican Party. This fact alone is enough to make his Introduction too confusing and simplistic to be helpful, except for those who are ignorant of the facts but indignant anyway. Rather than provide a true assessment that would teach or simply choose another trajectory for his Introduction, Keller launches the book with this underlying thread against "Traditional Christians", i.e. White Christians. This is not helpful to the body of Christ in my opinion. The constant playing to the new social gospel (or is it the gospel social now? Does talking more about Jesus change the essential nature of the social gospel?) is not a balanced view of our Lord's call to feed the hungry and heal the sick. It is Keller's politics peeking through and that is why his simplistic assessment in the Introduction is unsettling.  I suppose the purpose of this was to gain a hearing and that's commendable, perhaps.

    This constant emphasis borders on activism and seems to influence Keller though out the book. In chapter 10, The Problem of Sin, Keller slightly shifts the orthodox definition of sin from the breaking of God's commandments as the Apostle John defined it (sin is the transgression of the law) to Soren Kierkegaard's definition, "having no other gods before me." In case you think that I am being unfair to Keller here are his words immediately following those I just pointed out, 

           "So, according to the Bible, the primary way to define sin is not just the doing of
            bad things, but the making of good things into ultimate things. It is seeking 

           to establish a sense of self by making something else more central to your 

           significance, purpose, and happiness than your relationship with God." 

John defined sin as "the transgression of the law (1 John 3:4)." There are sins of commission and omission. I'm sure we all agree on that. But sin is the doing of "bad things." What bad things? - breaking the law of God. Now, we break the law of God by doing the things it forbids and we break the law of God by not doing the things it commands. To have another god before the living God is a breach of the law of God. The problem is that Kierkegaard's definition subtly changes the emphasis of sin from the divine to self and society which is the hallmark of existentialism. Of course, once again, this emphasis plays to the soft activism that is prevalent throughout this book. It is problematic because the book is to be an apologetic for the Christian faith but it seems to have a second mission, an over-socializing of the gospel which plays to political correctness.

    Lastly, the title of chapter 14 is not my favorite. Of course, this is a minor point but I would have preferred he stick with the more traditional language of "community" than "dance." The mental imagery when applied to the Triune God is not instructive, in my opinion. I respect what Keller is trying to do, I believe, in the chapter. He is seeking to call us to join the work of the Trinity. That is certainly laudable. In no way do I want to take away from that but to explain the fellowship of the Trinity would be better served by the word "community" rather than "dance." I also wish Keller would have seized the opportunity in this chapter under the heading The Dance of Creation to expound the work of the Triune God in creation. The teaching is clearly there in Scripture but for some reason, Keller chose to write in good but vague language regarding God's plan for creation. 

    It may seem that I would not recommend this book since I have leveled a couple of heavy remarks about it but that would be a wrong conclusion. Dr. Keller is a fine evangelical scholar and pastor. He has written a very useful book, as I stated earlier in this post. I have recommended it, given it to friends, and used it in evangelism and discipleship and will continue to do so. God's people must always strive to be faithful to His Word and that is my purpose here. The spots where there is disagreement with Keller are not such that they cancel out the merits of the fine work he has given us for the cause of Christ. 

Post tenebras lux, 

Scott

     

James Petigru Boyce, A Southern Baptist Statesman, Tom Nettles

   If you've kept up with my reviews of the other volumes from this series then you know that I am in love with the series, American Reformed Biographies. I recently acquired all the current biographies in this series and have slated them for upcoming reading adventures! My interest in J.P. Boyce has been a long-standing one. He is a figure in Baptist history that, to my mind, modeled so much of what Baptists should strive for in ministry. For some time I've desired to learn more about this great father of the Southern Baptist denomination. When I saw that the American Reformed Biography series had included a J.P. Boyce edition I was ecstatic. Finally, I thought, we will get a quality biography about this giant of a man whom so few Southern Baptist know anything about. 

   For the most part, having now read this edition, my joy remains. It is good and right that Boyce was included in this series. It is also good and right that Dr. Tom Nettles was selected to write it. It is worth the read and has much to commend it to both Baptist and other Evangelicals. Boyce's contribution is highlighted and celebrated. There is much to be learned about the beginning and struggling years of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Of great interest to me was that Nettles included some information about life for Boyce and Southern Baptists during the Civil War. So, the diligent reader will find much to keep him "hooked" till the end. 

   With all the aforementioned said I am painfully compelled to point out a few criticisms. First, I must say that the constant reports about who gave how much to the seminary, how much they were short to pay the professors and how far Boyce and others had to travel to convince someone to give was exhausting. It is understandable to include this in some way in an abbreviated fashion but the repetition of this information made me feel as though this were the first biography ever written from an accountant's ledger. It just did not make for interesting reading. Furthermore, this emphasis made the biography feel like it was as much, if not more, about the founding and financing of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary than it was about the man James Petigru Boyce. Frankly, I wanted to know the man more. I desired to know more about J.P. Boyce. How can learn from him and grow from his life? The seminary is an interest of mine as well but not to the shadowing of the man who founded it. Then there was the constant appearance or assumption we might say, of A.T. Robertson with no introduction or explanation. Of course, I am familiar with A.T. Robertson and his mammoth works. Robertson is another of the Southern Baptist greats that have been all but forgotten to the lust for growth and change that have taken hold in the denomination (topic for another time).

   With this trajectory, this biography has little excuse to justify its length. When the Van Til and Nevin volumes are 200 pages shorter it is hard to understand why this edition is so long. Why not cut out some of the ledger reporting? If all we were going to do is report where Boyce picked up another $1000 then, by all means, I vote that we keep it brief. Don't get me wrong; I have great respect for the author. Maybe that's the reason for my disappointment. My appreciation for Dr. Nettles possibly raised my expectations too high. I admit that my entry thought was: "Finally, a biography about an exceptional Baptist leader that is written exceptionally." But my exit from the book was not with so much excitement. It is worth the read but it does often become tedious and for that, I am bothered. 

Post tenebras lux, 

Scott

Reflections on the French Revolution in France, Edmund Burke

  Though apparently, he upset much of his contemporaries with his Reflections, Burke was compelled to stand against the anarchy that threatens to cross from France to England. The Introduction to this edition written by L.G. Mitchell is quite critical of Burke. Doubtless, Mitchell is simply trying to set the political and historical context in which Burke's Reflections were published.       Revolution was in the air and it was quite unpopular to advocate conservative political and governmental philosophy. Burke apparently was up to the task, though he suffered for his forthrightness. By and large, his assessment of what was happening in France was correct and history has leaned its support to Burke's concern for his native land, England. There is much in this book to help us today. DO NOT make the mistake of allowing the title to suggest to you that this is an archaic topic. Most of the issues that Burke exposes are currently a problem in the United States. Burke's breadth of knowledge and lucid thinking are astonishing. His understanding of political and governmental philosophy is breathtaking. If you are studying this topic Reflection on the Revolution in France is an absolute must! If you claim to master political and governmental philosophy and haven't read Burke you are not complete. His work here is seminal, broad, thorough and approaches genius. After you've read this book you'll understand why you see quotes from Edmund Burke everywhere! All I can say to the people of this day is ... read this book ... please! It explains so much and so well about what is happening in our Western Civilization. 

Post tenebras lux, 

Scott 

The Conscience of a Conservative, Barry Goldwater

     This post is not a political endorsement. I read The Conscience of a Conservative because I had heard so many people mention or quote Barry Goldwater especially in political forums. Some referred to him negatively and others positively. Not willing to simply accept what I'm told to think about a person, I decided to read his main work for myself. I admit readily that apart from this book and the popular news media references I know very little about Barry Goldwater as a person or politician. On the other hand there seemed to be, as I collated people's references to him, evidence that this is someone who deserves a hearing. 

     The Conscience of a Conservative is  actually quite brief in presentation which was a surprise to me. Volumes on political philosophy tend to be hefty and exceedingly verbose. Not so with Goldwater. He is concise, clear and yet his thoughts are complete. Nothing of value is left out. He expounds a clear conservative approach to all of the critical points of government without being wordy or caustic. In fact, Goldwater is quite winsome in the book; mostly because of his intentional simplicity. The only drawback is the binding. It is cheaply bound but you know me, I'm old school on the issue of binding :).  If you are looking for a clear, concise and yet convincing explanation of conservative government philosophy then you might want to give this book a shot. 

Post tenebras lux, 

Scott